Life Transitions Essay

The mesosystem is the second structure within Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model. Bowes & Hayes (1999) describe the mesosystem as the interrelationships between the indivuduals in the microsystem. There is direct collaboration between the individual and their relationships between their microsystem, their behaviors, expectations and values may differ with different experiences (Bowes, Grace & Hayes 2012). Regarding my life transition, the relationships between home and school within the microsystem became stressful, causing a negative impact on myself. Though when looking at figure 2, it is evident that after the stressors had ceased, a strong positive relationship occurred. This example highlights how a negative relationship between two aspects of the microsystem can dramatically change and become a powerful mesosytem agents to the individual effecting their development. Other indirect relationships that still effect the individual are seen in the exosystem. Garbarino (1992) describes the exosystem as a setting in which the individual is not directly involved with, but still has an effect on them through the meso or microsystem. In terms of my life transition, the relationship with my father and his workplace from figure 1 does not affect me directly, though due to this my relationship with my father lessened throughout my transition to University for his working hours increased causing us to spend less time together. The outer most relationships shown in figures 1 and 2 are known as the macrosystem. According to Bowes, Grace & Hayes (2012) the macro system is the broad societal or cultural contexts, cultural beliefs systems and values that are passed through our micro and mesosystems. An example of my personal transition is the government fundings for rural students to study away from home which allowed my financial transition to be much smoother. The last key structure to Bronfenbrenner’ social ecological model is known as the chronosystem. The chronosystem emphasizes the individuals changes or in any of the ecological contexts of development over time (Shaffer & Kipp 2006). An example of my personal transition that was undertaken was the sudden death of my father. It not only changed myself as an individual, but will  continue to affect my across my life span. Harms (2010) created another multidimensional approach within Bronfenbrenner’s model which takes the individuals inner world into consideration as well as their environment. Both Harms and Bronfenbrenner’s models display that though there are different dimensions of the models, they are both connected to each other in multiple ways. Gibsons theoretical framework is another example of a perspective in human development. Both Bronfenbrenner and Gibsons theories involved the concept of there being a strong relationship between the individual and their environment, both have aspects that are focused in change over time Tudge, Gray, & Hogan (1997). Developmental niche is another example of a model based upon different dimentions. Harkness & Super, (1994) define a developmental niche as two processes that are unique to an individual. It is based upon three basic components, the physical and social settings, culturally regulated customs and the psychology of the individual an example of a developmental niche would be the individual and their close friends as it was formed from mutual interests. In addition, the relationships between the structures of an individual’s microsystem can also impact in a similar way. Furthermore when discussing individual development, the concepts of resilience and vulnerability must be seen as factors. In terms of my personal transition, I would haveoriginally been seen as vulnerable, though due to increasing protective factors such as new relationships being formed from my microsystem level, I then would have been deemed resilient as I was able to thrive and adapt to the new change (Miller, Osbahr, Boyd, Thomalla, Bharwani, Ziervogel,†¦ & Nelson 2010). Life transitions occur in individuals lives due to a psychological or environmental change in a particular time in their life. My personal transition that is being discussed was the move from highschool and my home town, to moving to Bendigo and commence University studies. Bronfenbrenners ecological model was used to demonstrate the changed faced in terms of Microsystems, Mesosystems, Exosystem and Macrosystems. There are many other contributing factors that influence an individual and their life changes,  from other theories such as Harms model, as well as Gibsons, to the vulnerability or resilience of the individual. When taking all these aspects into my personal transition, it is clearly shown that my relationships, psychological state and environment have all ended as positive and thus becoming a positive transition. References: Berry, J. O. (1995). Families and deinstitutionalization: An application of Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology model. Journal of Counseling & Development,73(4), 379-383. Bowes, J, M., Hayes, A. (1999). Children, families and communities: contexts and consequences. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Bowes, J., Grace, R,. & Hayes, A. (2012). The role of context in childrens development. Retrieved from: http://0-www.lib.latrobe.edu.au.alpha2.latrobe.edu.au/ereserve/copyright2014/4140321.pdf Bronfenbrenner, U. (1999). Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models. Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts, 3-28. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1997). Ecological models of human development. Readings on the development of children, 1993, 37-43. Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment (2nd ed.). New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1994). The developmental niche: A theoretical framework for analyzing the household production of health. Social science & medicine, 38(2), 217-226. Harms, L (2010) Understanding human development: a multidimensional approach. Oxford University Press. Miller, F., Osbahr, H., Boyd, E., Thomalla, F., Bharwani, S., Ziervogel, G., †¦ & Nelson, D. (2010). Resilience and vulnerability: complementary or conflicting concepts?. Ecology & society, 15(3). Rosa, E. M., & Tudge, J. (2013). Urie bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: Its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(4), 243-258. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12022 Shaffer, D., & Kipp, K. (2006). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Cengage Learning Swick, K. J., & Williams, R. D. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), 371-378. Tudge, J., Gray, J., & Hogan, D. M. (1997). Ecological perspectives in human development: A comparison of Gibson and Bronfenbrenner. Comparisons in human development: Understanding time and context, 72-105.

Aig Bailout & Stakeholder Analysis

AIG Bailout & Stakeholder Analysis In September 2008, the American International Group, AIG, the largest insurance company in the United States, suffered from the bad debts incurred insuring mortgage-backed securities. As a result, within a matter of three months, AIG reported a startling quarterly loss of $61. 7 billion, largest in the U. S corporate history. Instead of watching this global insurance giant fall on its keens, the U. S. government has decided to lend a helping hand by bailing out AIG. However, this generosity isn’t without a cost.Seven months and four bailout programs later, the American taxpayers are stuck with a bill for the amount of $182 billion, in return for 79. 9% equity stake of the failing company. Soon after the bailout fund was received, the board of directors at AIG announced that the company will continue to reward its senior management and traders with the contractual $165 million bonus, the same group of people that caused the AIG collapse and gl obal credit crisis in the first place. Personal, I am completely disgusted with this particular decision.How can any of the executives and traders be able to spend a penny from this bonus pool knowing what their action have caused. Just like Cousin Robin, millions had lost their life time savings due to someone else’s greed and irresponsibility. However, at the same time I have no choice but to agree with the government’s decision on bailing out AIG and indirectly looking out for its employees and shareholders. The following is my argument based on the impact from several stakeholders if the government had not done so. Investors:The first immediate impact of the AIG bankruptcy will be its investors. Although AIG is widely regarded as world’s No. 1 insurance corporation, many had not realized that AIG is also the world’s largest credit insurer for many major corporations as well as the largest issuers on credit related derivative products such as Credit De fault Swap or CDS. During the second and third quarter of 2008, the credit rating on many mortgage security firms were downgraded when mortgage default rating reached its all time peak and firms were failing to meet their debt obligations.Consequently, as a credit insurer, AIG were obligated to pay investors the contractual swap payment. However, since firms were defaulting at an astonish rate, it was almost impossible for AIG to come up with any of the payments. Without any payment, most of the investors weren’t able to meet their own legal obligation and this transcended down to a vicious cycle and eventually turned into a global crisis. Now, when AIG received the government bailout package, its immediate action was to pay its clients and alleviated the pressure of any firm that was involved before things got worse.Goldman Sachs for one was the biggest beneficiary from this bailout as the firm was facing many uncertainties of its own. Average Consumers/General Public: The a verage consumers may not realize this, but AIG cannot fail. Not only does it play a major role in the U. S. economy, it plays a crucial role in our daily lives. It impacts anyone who owns a home, car, insurance, or even a student loan. The AIG statistics are overwhelming. The company has 74 million customers around the globe. 0 million of those clients are American based. AIG operates in more than 130 countries. Prior to the current market conditions, the company backed more than $298 billion in assets globally. Just its quarterly loss along had sent the world market into an abyss, the Dow lost 300 points and Asian market toppled to a new low. The answer is fairly simple, the average consumers like myself have so much invested in AIG that we cannot see it fail.The implication on it defaulting will be far worse than losing 75% of our retirement fund. Employees & Shareholders: I will need to bring employees and shareholders into the same category here since most of the AIG employees a re its shareholders. These two groups are probably on the worse end of the deal than anyone else. The bailout package is a very good indication that the government is nationalizing AIG as it holds 80% of its shares, a move that wiped out most of the shareholder’s value.On the other hand, many had yet to realize that before the bailout, AIG was on the blink of â€Å"extinction†, which will result unemployment and an empty retirement portfolio. With the bailout, employees like Robin can safely say â€Å"I am still employed. † And to those who are optimistic can even say, if the bailout does workout in the years to come and AIG is successfully restructured under the economy reforming, their portfolio will be back to its fair market value, maybe even more. It is reasonable to assume that anyone who is on the same boat as Cousin Robin will be disgruntled.On the other hand, when we dissect the situation in further depth, one will realize that the AIG bailout will rest ore economic stability, prevent future collapse of large institutional investors, support the financial community, not to mention restore consumer confidence. Thus, as one of the millions U. S. taxpayers, I will have to disagree with Robin and certainly applaud the government’s decision on handing out the AIG bailout. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www. onlineforextrading. com/blog/aig-bailout-again/ [ 2 ]. http://www. onlineforextrading. com/blog/aig-bailout-again/

Analysis of Usable Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Usable Websites - Essay Example Another site is that of http://www.mint.com/. This is a website that is used for personal finance. This website is fantastic in design because it guides users of the various forms of saving and transacting with money. it makes the whole process simple. New users take really minimal time to register for an account with them. It is very fast to use and makes use of web 2.0 technologies. It is interactive and is therefore categorized under web 2.0. Another website that is designed well is that of gmail.com. This is a website that is commonly used by many people for email services. The good thing that makes this site usable is that has simple features that make it simpler to use than other email services. It is possible to view Microsoft Office documents in mail attachments without changing the experience of the users. Some of the badly designed websites that make them not usable include http://www.creativewithak.com/. With this website, the design is poor. It is not clear where the user will click in order to move around the website. Another issue with the website is that it is difficult to know where the home page located. The users find it hard to navigate around the website. There is poor interactivity of the site with components. It is far from being categorized as a web 2.0 (Dhillon & Mishra, 2007, p. 34). Another poor website that is poor in http://www.marcecko.com/#/. This website is poorly designed because the owner is a businessman who has many enterprises and probably wants us to know about these ventures. It is difficult to start. The last website that needs to be looked into is that http://contentof.com/ which is also poorly designed. There is no order of information. This site is not laid down correctly as there are many issues that should be looked into that should reflect the requirements of the website.  Ã‚  

Discussion respond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion respond - Essay Example The writer states that the HRD is supposed to realize that the policies are outlined should be successful. They are also supposed to question the evidence and reasoning that supports such solutions. However, the writer emphasizes that HRD is expensive for any organization and in most cases; the return on investment aspect is not immediately discernible. It is the job of the executives to change the perspective with an aim of ensuring that individual focus on the reliability of the implemented programs. The writer discusses an article from the Adult Education Quarterly titled, The Impact of National Culture on Informal Learning in the Workplace. The author discusses diversity in cultures and the effects of informal learning in workplaces. Informal learning is an important manner of acquiring knowledge and skills in a workplace. The author differentiates informal learning as a on-the-job training while formal is learning in an enclosed area such as a classroom. From the article, formal learning is important although informal learning has captured the attention of many people in a work place. This is based on culture diversity and its effect on an individual’s culture. Organizations view culture diversity differently and it has an impact on adult

Description and comparison of Women's colonial dresses for daily work Essay

Description and comparison of Women's colonial dresses for daily work and outings - Essay Example They often put on a shawl to hide a part of the exposed neckline. The lower garment was very heavy and full. During the earlier period, women used to put on one or more petticoats underneath the dress to give it the characteristic wide shape. Petticoats were worn to offer warmth. There was a turn in the 1700`s, women began to put on hoops which had been made of whalebone underneath these skirts and dresses. For the next couple of years that followed, hoops of diverse forms were a frequent phenomenon of women’s clothing (Erickson 125). Characteristically long dresses also referred to as Mantua were worn during this time. They were mostly put on during the evening for charity events, balls and when on outings. These gowns were comprised of a bodice that enclosed a corset. In addition, ribbons, nettings and laces decorated the dresses. Mature women wore short-sleeved dresses that were low cut thus revealing the bosom. On the other hand, young girls were often advised not to reveal their cleavage. The skirts and dresses were ankle long and covered the petticoat though it was still visible at the hemline. Whenever women were outdoord, flat hats with wide brims and bonnets were worn. The very first Mantua’s emerged during the late 17th century as a more comfortable option to the separate skirts and the boned bodices that were popular at the time. Its basic features were cuffed sleeves, elbow length and the overskirt was characteristically drawn back over the hips to reveal the petticoat underneath. In the mid 1700s, the Mantua had changed to a more official variation that was worn for court dress. The overskirt draping became progressively more stylized, and the back panel nearly became hidden (Fisher 56). Even though the woman`s dress was basically and widely worn, it had quite a number of variations. For the women who worked, theirs was a plainer garment that was made of wool, linen, or heavy cotton. This was so because these fabrics

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Wal-Mart offers a wide range of variety having more than 30 departments at all the outlets, that has rendered the company to be the market leader in general merchandise industry and it has consistently been able to secure the name in Fortune 500 (Walmart, 2014). â€Å"Saving people money to help them live better was the goal that Sam Walton envisioned when he opened the doors to the first Walmart ®. This focus drives everything we do at Walmart. And, for the millions of customers who shop in our stores around the world each week, it means they can trust that our brand means we have everyday low prices.† (Walmart, 2014). Currently the company does not have as such mission and vision statement while having one such statement may guide the customers and employees to integrate with the values and philosophy of the company. There are several internal and external factors that are responsible to generate opportunities as well as the threats for the company. Following is step by step evaluation of the factors through the matrices: The EFE matrix reveals that the company has been in relatively stronger position as the score is 2.81 which is greater than the average score of 2.5. However the score below 3.0 shows that the company is not in extraordinary position. The above internal evaluation reveals that the score is 2.92 which is above average i.e. 2.5 and is close to 3.0 and hence one can conclude that the company has been adequately strong from internal point of view. Its competitor company Costco Wholesale Corp has the current ratio of 1.19 and Target Corp has the ratio of 0.91 while the industry average is of 1.09. This shows that the company has not been able to maintain ability of fulfilling its short termed debts and in this regard it also lags behind its direct competitors. Its competitor company Costco Wholesale Corp has debt to equity of 4.75 and Target Corp with the ratio of 0.85 while that of industry is 6.95. This shows that

Trends in the Workplace Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trends in the Workplace - Coursework Example Issues of ageing employees, diversity and skills deficiencies feature new trends in work place. To respond to the demands of the work environment, the human resource managers need to exercise flexibility if their organizations have to remain profitable both in the short and long-term. The organization selection and recruitment process is an activity that the human resource managers take seriously to obtain the best work force within their institution. The selection process is an activity that involves selection of only qualified employees who suit the minimum requirements of the position and fill the existing employee gaps effectively (Schuler & MacMillan, 2012). For an organization to achieve its goals, it requires skilled personnel with adequate skills and experiences to handle the needs of the organization. In any organization, the selection process takes at different stages. The applicants undergo scrutiny for academic qualifications, skills, experiences and leadership qualities. The human resource managers set clear the qualifications of the position in their advertisement to ensure that only the qualified candidates apply. Those with less than minimum requirements are dismissed at the preliminary stage even before the first interviews. This saves on time an d cost that is used for hosting the interviews, regarding the high number of applicants who turn up to their advertisements. In addition, human resource managers provide a formal orientation to the successful candidates. The orientation process is a good way to facilitate employees work behavior and this helps them to adapt more quickly and to work become part of the work team more quickly. The ability of human resource managers helps to recruit the right workforce and to form a team that can implement the organizational goals. Employee performance evaluation is a key element of human resource

FMC, Aberdeen, green river discussion on Organizational Behavior Essay

FMC, Aberdeen, green river discussion on Organizational Behavior - Essay Example Bob Lancaster, who was tasked to build and operate the facility, said that the central belief that guides Aberdeen’s organization and management is a participative-management system on the principles of trust, involving self-directing work teams that would eliminate fear from all employees. (Clawson, 1990) An employee is assigned to a team where a team leader is selected by the members - no supervisors or managers. The teams decide on all matters among themselves concerning their work as long as they get their task done. There are significant differences between Green River’s organizational behavior and management to those of Aberdeen’s. For instance, the people employed here are more than 1000 and have a worker’s union where Aberdeen has none. The facility is also charged with 100 products, which is being distributed worldwide in contrast to latter’s single product line. Both facilities cater to very different industries - one, defense, the other, chemicals. And finally, while Aberdeen is a start-up facility, Green River has been operating since 1948. Aberdeen and Green River facilities share the same FMC corporate guidelines, independence in running their sites, and operating values and systems. Thus, the success posted by Aberdeen’s organizational behavior is a challenge for a bigger facility like Green River. The structure and management approach adopted by Aberdeen, which is basically based on trust, might pose a great risk to a larger organization that must cater to a diverse product lines. The Aberdeen concept espouses the elimination of fear among its employees and mistakes are considered learning opportunities. Green River must consider if it is willing to trade the stability of the huge infrastructure which has been in place and tested for years to a system based on faith. Technical problems also abound, like how the

The Most Influential Person in This Era Essay Example for Free

The Most Influential Person in This Era Essay The world in gradually evolving day by day and it is us, the people from all over different countries, who make it happens. But like always, there are those people whose influence, despite the distance, affect others across the nations and whose names stick forever in the history. On the contrary, there are also people who individually change our life. Bill Gates, for instance, has brought us to the whole new level of technology with his invention of Microsoft, which is known to be the most dominated software for computers. Microsoft also became the name of the largest software corporation. There is no doubt that without his role there would not be any work done, there would not be any lists completed. As an ordinary person himself, I believe Bill Gates grew up with the same thing we have today. But what made him what he is today, are inevitably his determination to cross the boundaries, his intrepidity to take a risk, his perseverance to keep trying to reach his goal, and last but not least, his luck. Other experts at that time might time he was doing such an empty gesture, but knowing the truth that he eventually succeed, they might have a bitter pill to swallow. Even today, his name is widely spread. He even made it to the top list of the most influential people all over the world. Despite the fame, he is still willing to care for the needy. His investment in The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation means not only immediate advances for some, but also a ripple effect to many others. Improving life means a better living condition and a new hope for the future. By his work and donations, he has encouraged people of great and lesser wealth to be more considerate and to work for the good of the world community. We always think that it is formidable to be successful. We think that we should be the number one at school, we have to master some special skills, and whatsoever. But a matter of fact, those things are not really necessary. We do need to learn a lot but our success is not always determined by how many books we read and how adroit we are in certain subjects. I ever read something really interesting about Bill Gates where he quoted â€Å"I failed in some subjects in exam, but my friend passed it all. Now he is an engineer at Microsoft and I am the owner of Microsoft.† You can never predict when you will actually be the future most influential person.

Citizenship - Account of activity during work experience Essay Example for Free

Citizenship Account of activity during work experience Essay My Citizenship coursework will be based on the rights and responsibilities of employees and their employers in the workplace. The aim of the coursework is to produce a report explaining the health and safety rules on my work experience placement. This is a citizenship activity because it looks closely at important rights. It will also look at my roles, and those of others, during the activity. I have chosen my work experience place because this will give me the opportunity to get an experience and will make me or introduce me to the world and get vital points on how to develop my life skills towards working. The placement that I have been given is not close to my house but I am willing to work hard and grab this opportunity. I am also interested in the financial market and promoting of products and Ill learn from this. I went for my work experience to Comet Stores. My work experience was for a two week period staring on the 6th of June 2005 and ending on the 16th of June 2005. The area that I was allocated for the work experience was in Fosse Park, which is near the outer ring of the city near to the motorways. Comet Stores is a well-known brand, which sells household electronic devices. The placement that I was in was the biggest store in the city. The complex comprised of two floors namely the sales floor (which was the first floor) and the warehouse, which was the second floor. Before attending the work placement I had to phone up and book an interview with the manager in charge of the store. A week after the phone call was the date of my interview. In the interview I was told the basics about the company such as start and finish times, the dress code and passwords to enter the staff room. I was told that at the first day of my work experience I would be told in more detail about my individual and team tasks. At the start of the first day of my work experience I was feeling anxious as well as nervous. This was the first time I would be entering a working environment. At the start of the day I was taken by the manager for an assembly. I was told to report to the designated area where each person would be given a briefing each morning. A gentleman named Chris was to look after me for the first day. He was in charge of the warehouse stock and was very helpful. He gave me some advice and told me many people have visited the store for work experience and that the store will challenge my ability individually and with a team. The manager had told Chris to take me to the boardroom where I was shown Health and Safety videos that were made by the store. After each key fact Chris would explain to me what it meant, how it concerned the store and asked me if I had any questions. I was also given additional leaflets on Health and safety in the building such as the fire exits and where the fire extinguishes were. I was given a wide range of activities during work experience. The main task I was given for the first few days was to pack and check the shelves. This consisted of me checking the availability of the stock, ordering the stock from the warehouse if it had run out and then packing the shelves with the item. I was also given the chance to analyze the security system of the work place and told how to alarm and disable the alarm system. I was put on my first test with this task, as I had to wire all the flat screen monitors in a sequence to alarm the security if any person may try to take the item. I had noticed as the days went on the store gave me different and more tasks to do which would challenge my ability. I was promoted to assisting the sales staff and to analyze the way in how the sales person would work. This task was to communicate with the public and gave a lot of confidence. I was also placed in the warehouse where I was given a lot of responsibility. I was asked to check the stock, the handling of goods, taking orders and also using the elevator belt, which I was given a Health and Safety guide to. The elevator belt could go upward towards the warehouse and when giving items to the sales floor going downwards. Special buttons were needed for this and great care was needed. All the staff members assisted me but as I was put on different jobs there was different staff members that would help me. As I was on the warehouse level the elevator belt had suddenly come to a halt. As I was not a technician I had asked from a member of staff from the warehouse level. He kindly came and tried to help me but could not fix the problem. As a result he sent a technician to come and assist. The problem was sorted and both members of staff assisted me when I asked for some help. Whilst on the placement I had learnt a lot about rights and responsibility of employers and their employees. I was given a sheet, which told me all the rights.

Business Leadership Development Agenda Personal Development Essay

Business Leadership Development Agenda Personal Development Essay Current research shows that knowledge and skills are the two important elements in the field of leadership that makes people more effective leaders. I want to be an effective leader who has all the capabilities of building an efficient leadership strategy. Based on my evaluation from my observers I feel that I need to work on the areas where I can show others how their interests can be realized and how they can share a dream of their future. Based on Boyatziss intentional change model of self-Directed learning (Savage 2010) I have used this model in my own research as my individual action plan. I found that my leadership behavior ranking based on average observers score and my personal score differs. I think improving one weakness of my leadership behavior will change the hidden behavior in me that I cannot realize. Ideal Self Initially, I want to be remembered as a leader who can solve conflicts between the employees by acting as an effective mediator and thus gaining respect from them. I would hope that others recognize my interpersonal skills and being motivated and emulate such behavior. I would like to be known as someone who is more generous with praise and kind words of encouragement. I also would like to be remembered as a legacy leader who empowers the employees and the people around. I want to recognize as a person who foster power in people for use in their own lives, their communities and in their society, by acting on issues they define as important. As discussed in my leadership legacy and taking on such a leadership role, I want to garner respect and admiration from those around me. For my leadership legacy, I would want to be known as a successful leader who wants to hold onto and hold out, for everyone to see, their vision and their values. I want to create opportunities and positive influence on others to be inspired and to understand and accept leadership roles.  I want to be remembered as the leader who tirelessly advocated for the differences in people as essential building blocks to creating a learning community and consistently calibrated their journey into excellence by modeling accountability and responsibility for their leadership roles, and encouraged others to do the same. Finally, I would like to act as a mentor to my colleagues by teaching them what I have learned through my experiences. I would like to leave behind the tools for holding, creating, influencing, advocating and calibrating the solid input to make decisions about when to step up, to step back, and to step off the action which would impact future. My real self Based on the feedback I received from Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI), Influence Strategies Exercise (ISE) and essential Enneagram, I believe that I have the strong motivational power that drives the success and encouragement. In my leadership legacy statement, I stated that I always want to empower people and motivate them to foster power in peoples lives. This characteristic feature represents me as a type 3 (The Performer) on the Essential Enneagram. As a performer, I want to develop a goal ahead energy of self-deception to match the image of success and approval. In addition to this, I want to encourage people to feel good about them and show them the appreciation on something they have accomplished. Moreover in the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) 2010, I found an additional overlap between my ideal self and myself. Previously I mentioned in my leadership legacy statement that I want to be an effective mediator who is able to view concrete situations from many different points of view. In the LPI, my observers and I rated myself highly in the practice, Enable Others act. I personally believe that every individual should be treated with dignity and respect and each individual has its own strengths and weaknesses which make them different from others. The understanding of what people can do well and what they do less well is important both to the person and organization. The differences should be valued and used to the full advantage. Leadership Gap analysis: While analyzing my ideal and real self I identified some gaps that include both my strength and weaknesses. In my leadership legacy statement I would like to be remembered as a legacy leader who empowers the employees and the people around recognize my interpersonal skills and being motivated and emulate such behavior. As a type three mediator on Essential Enneagram, I tend to focus and concentrate on things to get job done. I also stated that I want to be remembered as a leader who has the ability of solving conflicts between people by acting as an effective mediator. However, I sometimes have problems in making decisions and I think I also need somebody to discuss the resolution to the problem because sometimes it appears to me equally good and important. In addition to that, I also found some gaps in the area of inspiring shared vision on the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) (Kouzes Posner, personal communication June 14, 2010). Furthermore, as I identified in my leadership legacy statement I want to create opportunities and positive influence on others to be inspired, understand and accept leadership roles. I feel I will have considerably difficulty in showing others how their interest can be realized and described as a compelling image of the future. However, as the Performer, Enneagram and Leadership (Savage, 2010). I can become inspiring example of excellence and authenticity or blindly pursue success and status but I feel I will have to struggle with the concept of pursuing things more effectively and efficiently even there is a chance failure. My ideal self allows me to admit mistakes and listen to suggestions for improvement but sometimes I feel not making any mistakes and accomplish task more efficiently. Initially, I thought I might be type 1 The perfectionist, Enneagram and Leadership (Savage, 2010) because I do believe I can change myself and my environment to fit my ideas and organize things logically but I still feel that type three is more of my style because my first priority in accomplishing my goal is to concentrate more efficiently and get things done more quickly. The last gap I noticed was related to Bargaining Influence Strategies Exercise (Hay group, 2007). The purpose of bargaining is to gain support by negotiating a mutually satisfactory outcome; exchanging favors, sharing resources, making concessions Influence Strategies Exercise (Hay group, 2007). For me I always want to make sure that I am taking everybodys decisions and needs into consideration, I may not keep my needs or agenda into my consideration while I am listening to the suggestions and opinions from people. Based on what I have heard I will create an opinion. Typically I will not avoid the situation where there is a conflict infact I will try to resolve the conflict and come up with the resolution that best fits the needs of people and their concerns. Sustaining Leadership Strengths According to the LPI my strengths are in the area of encouraging confidence, enabling diversity and modeling the values and consensus. The 10 observer groups rated me high in encouraging confidence. The other was enabling diversity which was next in line. Builds consensus around organization value was the last because my observers rated me the third highest in this area of strength (Kouzes Posner, personal communication, June 14, 2010). When it comes to organizational skills, I believe that any administration should be organized and punctual. For example, the administration of ACCESS in Ashland University, these characteristics should be present. It is my belief that having good organizational skills means a better way of doing things. We all have learning differences and find some methods easy than others but how do we go about developing those skills. Leadership by encouragement is one of my practical interpersonal skills that can help in raising Emotional intelligence. In order to create that leadership strategy within the ACCESS it is important to review the administration strategy for implications for new leadership requirements. For the development of this leadership behavior, it is a good suggestion to have a team of experts that will analyze the problem and that are familiar with the processes of acquiring, retaining and development of good organizational development. I believe that I am not still an expert with this requirement and that the university still needs people who are very adept on this. My organizational strategy shall begin with the identifications of drivers of strategy that will help me in analyzing the key choices that includes my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These factors shall be analyzed comprehensively. It is my goal to make a unique strategy that can be used by ACCESS which can understand what the things essential to the students are. It is very important to accomplish a collective leadership for this. I should have clear implications for what a leader like me should do well in order for an organization to succeed in leadership strategies. It is therefore important that my focus should be primarily on the implications primarily on the implications in leadership strategy that has to be more specific reflecting the actual opportunities and issues surrounding the key drivers. After the implication has been identified my next step will be to develop the leadership strategy in order to assess the current leadership situation and compare it to the desired future. Once the implication has been confirmed and extracted as a team through various ways within the organization, then the leadership developmental strategy should be addressed which will then follow the specific recommendations regarding approaches to be taken to develop current and future leaders as well as the organizations leadership, in line with the leadership strategy. Other thing that needs to be taken on to consideration while developing the strategy is an iterative process involving a team. Because this process will produce a useful conversations that have never taken place before. Those conversations themselves may act as interventions that will help in dealing with the issues within the organization. In creating a leadership strategy it is important to know the leadership culture that is required to implement the strategy and also interfere with effective performance. Once again, it is not how many leaders are in place, it is what actually do they determines whether the organization succeeds or fails. Cultural change that has a negative impact on the working environment should also be addressed. This is the present condition on the ACCESS department within Ashland University. . Due to the less number of staff and with the increased number of students, students are not able to explore the new environment because they are not getting opportunities to share their views and know the different culture. Director of the International student advisor who is currently running the ACCESS department will be my mentor with whom I talk about the situation and discuss the solution of the problem. Pesek is the only person who I can talk and gather information regarding the problems and can provide me with the resources and can serve my advisor and counselor throughout the whole process. In order to diagnose the current problem, it is necessary to diagnose the current status of the problem and to evaluate the organizational change gained through the experimentation and survey feedback. Due to the absence of program Director the organizational culture within the ACCESS is not effective. The staff and faculty have no control over the conflicts and work problems that arise. My approach to the problem will be to create effective leadership strategies and change the way the organization looks currently and implement those areas which need to be focused and monitor every change that results. Leadership Development Goal My main goal in developing my leadership ability is to be more sensitive with the issues surrounding my organization. As a part of the ACCESS Department in Ashland University, it will be my task to be keen in observing what needs to be changed and improved. By doing such, I will be impartial. I shall hear both sides of the story in order for me to weigh my judgment evenly. Another goal in developing my leadership skills is to be flexible in dealing with all circumstances. By being flexible, I believe that I can be an effective leader since I know I can deal with any situation and be on top of things. Finally, I want to be leader that communicates. Communication is very important in leadership. Benefits in Attaining this Goal The first goal which I mentioned is being sensitive with issues surrounding my organization. The benefit of being able to attain this goal is that I will be keen with any issues that my organization shall face. By being such, I can be developed into a proactive leader. This means that measures are continuously done in order to prevent the rising of a crisis. This will not only benefit me but also the entire organization. Alongside with this is being an impartial leader. Being such a leader should benefit the organization as well as all members of it since a just leader earns respect and that ensures that the organization is geared towards success. The benefit of being a flexible leader is that he or she can be able to face all issues and still be on top of things. I want to be that kind of leader. Many organizations fail or drowned in issues because some of its leaders are not able to adapt in certain issues. By being a flexible leader, I believe that I can be effective since I can lead my organization in any issue that it will face. Finally, a leader that communicates is an effective leader. Good communication between leaders and subordinates ensures that messages are conveyed clearly, therefore, good results can be expected. Obstacles in Attaining this Goal There will be obstacles that I know that I will come across in attaining the goals that I have set. Some of these are external factors such as some members of the organizations are unsupportive. This is because some members may not be at ease at being handled under new leadership styles. Other obstacles may be difficult circumstances that will tempt me in utilizing old but cooked leadership styles. In this situation, it is very important to stick with my principles in becoming an effective leader. Resources and Support in Achieving this Goal The resources that I tend to utilize in achieving the goals that I have mentioned are attending trainings and workshops that will tackle the leadership characteristics which I set to develop. These trainings shall help me in developing these characteristics wherein I cam learn from a team of experts as well as peers that are leaders themselves. Support from other organization members is very important for me in attaining these goals. Knowing that my peers from the organization support that such development is necessary for the growth of the organization will give me the strength and inspiration towards achieving such goals. Action Plan Goal: To be able to develop myself as a proactive, flexible and communicating leader. By being such, I can gear my organization towards a working environment that is conducive and that is driving towards success. Table of Action Steps Action step Measurement Timeline My main goal is to become an effective leader that includes the characteristic of being proactive, flexible and a good communicator. I will ask my peers to do an appraisal for me in terms of the characteristics that I mentioned. By the end of September 2010 I will analyze the data I collected from my resources and evaluate it. I will attend trainings and workshop on being proactive. After the training, an appraisal shall be done again for this characteristic. By the end of September 2010. I will attend trainings and workshops on being a flexible leader. After the training, an appraisal shall be done again for this characteristic. By the end of September 2010. I will attend trainings and workshops on being a good communicator. After the training, an appraisal shall be done again for this characteristic. By the end of September 2010. Implement the leanings that I have gained from these trainings on the organization. I shall establish a feedback system in order to monitor the performance. By the end of September 2010. Impart the learning and leadership style by means of succession plan. Create measures and criteria on whom is qualified on becoming a next leader in the organization. Year 2011 onwards. Conclusion I want provide a positive feedback that will help me to present creative and inspirational image of the students at Ashland University. Different people have different personalities and I think I have an ability to change behavior which shows that I am type 3 on Enneagram (Savage 2010) which says I can become an inspiring example of excellence and authenticity or blindly pursue success and status. I believe that it is important to listen to the suggestions what people say about my behavior it is possible that I may not notice changes in my behavior while perceived by others. In order for me to become a successful leader I need to interact with my followers, peers, seniors, and others; whose support will help me to accomplish my goals. For gaining the support of my peers and seniors I must be able to understand and motivate them and know the human behavior. Human behavior plays an important role in leadership strategy and they behave according to certain principles of human nature. As a leader I must understand these needs because they can be powerful motivators. I have learnt multiple facets of leadership from an interdisciplinary perspective. I am investigating my leadership behaviors, to be more reflective in their responses and make plans to improve the effectiveness. I am able to determine exactly what goals I want to target and how I can strategically limit and focus my efforts and develop an individualized leadership developmental plan.

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

Death Penalty; For or Opposed Capital punishment is the execution of a perpetrator for committing a heinous crime (homicide), and it is a hotly debated topic in our society. It has always been a belief for some that if another person wrongs them, they should have the right to take revenge against that person. In the present day, this view still remains, but has been toned down by laws that state the rights of the accused and have developed punishments for offenders. Many, me included, still believe that those punishments are not harsh enough and allow criminals to take advantage of them, knowing that if caught, the punishment is not near enough to make it wise to simply avoid the risk. I believe that capital punishment is an effective way of dealing with people who have committed heinous crimes. For example, there is a middle-aged man. This man rapes and kills a little girl and is given life in prison. Unfortunately, after a mere 30 years in prison he is up for parole and receives it. After being back on the stre ets he commits and is convicted of another murder. Did that second person really need to die? Could it have been prevented? Absolutely. That second victim would still be enjoying holidays with their family and vacations with their friends. That’s why we have the death penalty. The Death Penalty is nothing new to our society. It has been in effect throughout the world for ages. As far back as the Eighteenth Century, B.C., a king of Babylon codified 25 crimes that were punishable by the death penalty. {In the Draconian code of Athens, it was the only punishment for all crimes.} This debate is especially strong within the Christian religion, due to the fact that Jesus himself was sentenced to the death penalty. Skipping ahead to more modern times, the death penalty in America was influenced more by Great Britain than any other country. The first record of execution in America is that of Captain George Kendall in Jamestown, Virginia. He was accused of espionage for Spain. A few years later, Virginia governor Sir Thomas Dale enacted the Divine, Moral and Marital Laws that provided for the death penalty in even the most minor offenses. Along with the enactment of capital punishment came the abolitionist movement, which still exists today. One of the major activists was Dr. Benjamin Rush, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and founder of the Pen... ...ently sentenced Horton to two consecutive life terms refused to extradite him to Massachusetts. "I'm not prepared to take the chance that Mr. Horton might again be furloughed . . . This man should never draw a breath of free air again," said the judge. The scandal heated to a rolling boil. In April of 1988, embattled Massachusetts legislators finally killed the 16-year-old program -- without further resistance from Dukakis. Thank God! This is why for people who truly value public safety, there is no substitute for the best in its defense which is capital punishment. It not only forever bars the murderer from killing again, it also prevents parole boards and criminal rights activists from giving him the chance to repeat his crime. (Lowe) As you can clearly see this information is clear and convincing evidence of why the death penalty should be in affect. Something else that was mentioned; parole, yes people can get out on a parole and commit murder. Our parole system definitely needs to be retooled. This is another cause of crime. 85% of offenders go back into the system. What does that say about justice? Can we honestly say we are cutting the crime rate down? I ask you?

Social Forces Affecting Education -Pressures on Children Essay

Social forces play a major role in the achievement that takes place in our nation’s schools. Factors that take place outside of the classroom have significant effects that intrude on a child’s learning environment. These social forces hold no prejudice to the youth for whom they afflict and arise in every school setting across the public school system. It is important that one recognizes the impact that social forces have on the future leaders of our country and what conflicts they create for our present day learners. Because we live in a competitive society and want to be able to compete in the global economy, achievement pressure runs rampant in classrooms across the country (Anxiety.org, 2011). When parents and teachers can become aware of the emotional burdens and adverse effects that high achievement pressures carry, they will no doubt second guess their choice to perpetuate them (Weissbourd, 2011). The first step in solving any problem is to first be able to ackno wledge it. Pressures on children in today’s society are a problem that is becoming more evident in academics as parents and teachers put more and more emphasis on these children to outperform their classmates, stress in the child’s life becomes an interfering problem (Anxiety.org, 2011 Weissbourd, 2011,). From preschool children to college adults, pressure to execute academic perfection extends across all areas of curriculum. In our highly competitive, American society, emphasis placed on academic achievement has never been so intense (Anxiety.org, 2011, Beilock, 2011). This need to be the best, fueled by our culture in America, has created a social force affecting education, a force to be reckoned with at that. Too often, parents and teachers sacrifice their chil... ... medical foundation. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/byteens/academic-stress.html Kaur, S. (2011). pamf.org. Retrieved from http://www.pamf.org/teen/life/stress/academicpressure.html Anxiety.org. (2011, 5 16). Retrieved from http://www.anxiety.org/anxiety-news/general/childhood-anxiety-from-academic-pressure-are-we-pushin Herrfeldt, B. (n.d.). ehow.com. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how_2314755_cope-academic-pressure-.html Weissbourd, R. (2011, May). The Overpressured Student. Educational Leadership, Vol. 68, No. 8, 23-27. Kadison, R. & DiGeronimo, T.F. (2004). College of the Overwhelmed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. American Psychological Association (APA) (2012, March 12). Reducing academic pressure may help children succeed. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120312101439.htm

Hackers Blackmail Mahanta, Spandan Section B Statement of the Problem

Hackers Blackmail Mahanta, Spandan Section B Statement of the Problem: Implementation of EMR (Electronic Medical Records) to replace paper records in Sunnylake hospital was a visionary idea. However a major area in implementation of technology i. e. Network Security was overlooked by the organisation. Moreover there was limited or no risk assessment done leaving Sunnylake’s IT team ill equipped to handle a possible intrusion into their network.The result was that the organisation was forced into a situation where they were on the verge of getting into myriad of legal problems including lawsuits amounting to millions. But more than the monetary damages, human lives were at stake which made it even more important for the Sunnylake team to arrive at an early and effective solution to the problem in hand. Analysis: Paul Layman had come to Sunny lake Hospital with the vision to transform the small hospital from a Community Care Centre to a role model for all small hospitals.To turn his vision into reality Paul Layman, the CEO decided to use state of the art technology to replace paper records with Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Accordingly a plan was formulated leading to formation of an IT team in the organisation under the leadership of a young IT Director Jacob Dale. Both Paul and Jacob gave in their best to implement a system which was initially not widely accepted by majority of the Doctors in the hospital. However with time, as the efficiency of the EMR’s showed up the resistance became minimal.For good three years Paul was basking under the glory of his successful implementation of EMR’s but was naive enough to overlook the technology security advancement and did not keep its security up to date and updated. Sunnylake Hospital was almost at a dead end mainly due to human and technological errors. The intrusion into their network was due to someone in the staff mistaking the threat to be an antivirus download or updation of an existing application. This can be a termed as a human error. But more importantly lack of an updated or upgraded security system hich is a major technology flaw was the major contributor to network invasion of the Sunnylake hospital network. The result of these mistakes resulted in Sunnylake hospital on the verge of losing millions in lawsuits, losing the reputation it had built up over the years of service to the community and most importantly a large number of human lives were at stake. Keeping in mind the repercussions of their mistakes, which were quite serious in nature the most immediate solution that I feel would be appropriate would be to pay the ransom amount to hackers thus securing the safety of the affected patients.Having done this we can look at the future course of actions which should include stringent security/access policies, stronger network administration and safety and last but not the least educating the staffs of the network safety measures that needs to be taken care of while using or accessing the organisations network. While we are discussing about all these prominent problem statements, Paul Layman CEO of Sunnylake also has to deal with another long term effect of the fiasco. He had implemented a system for which he had received resistance from many quarters.However with the passage of time as the EMR’s proved to be efficient, these resistances subsided. Now that the EMR’s failed after 3 years of efficient work, the people who had opposed the very implementation of technology including the chief of staff George Knudsen would have a free say to justify their resistance at the first place. And Paul has to see to it that the crisis is solved immediately as he is at a risk of not being able to convince the staff to trust the system or more importantly trust him. Recommendations:In reference to the analysis of the problem above, the following solutions in order of priority along with recommendations are mentioned below. First and for emost Paul Newman will have to pay the ransom to the hackers in order to secure the lives of the affected patients as well as get back access to their network. However he should not overlook the adversities that may crop up later and I would recommend engagement of professionals with expertise in dealing with such situations including law enforcement agencies.Once access to the network is gained, the organisations IT team should immediately put into place network safety policies. For this I would recommend that the IT team implement stricter security policies, access should be limited for the users as per the roles delivered, commonly known dangerous websites be blocked, training the staff on the security measures and finally up gradation of their systems to be able to avert such instances in future. Hackers Blackmail Mahanta, Spandan Section B Statement of the Problem Hackers Blackmail Mahanta, Spandan Section B Statement of the Problem: Implementation of EMR (Electronic Medical Records) to replace paper records in Sunnylake hospital was a visionary idea. However a major area in implementation of technology i. e. Network Security was overlooked by the organisation. Moreover there was limited or no risk assessment done leaving Sunnylake’s IT team ill equipped to handle a possible intrusion into their network.The result was that the organisation was forced into a situation where they were on the verge of getting into myriad of legal problems including lawsuits amounting to millions. But more than the monetary damages, human lives were at stake which made it even more important for the Sunnylake team to arrive at an early and effective solution to the problem in hand. Analysis: Paul Layman had come to Sunny lake Hospital with the vision to transform the small hospital from a Community Care Centre to a role model for all small hospitals.To turn his vision into reality Paul Layman, the CEO decided to use state of the art technology to replace paper records with Electronic Medical Records (EMR). Accordingly a plan was formulated leading to formation of an IT team in the organisation under the leadership of a young IT Director Jacob Dale. Both Paul and Jacob gave in their best to implement a system which was initially not widely accepted by majority of the Doctors in the hospital. However with time, as the efficiency of the EMR’s showed up the resistance became minimal.For good three years Paul was basking under the glory of his successful implementation of EMR’s but was naive enough to overlook the technology security advancement and did not keep its security up to date and updated. Sunnylake Hospital was almost at a dead end mainly due to human and technological errors. The intrusion into their network was due to someone in the staff mistaking the threat to be an antivirus download or updation of an existing application. This can be a termed as a human error. But more importantly lack of an updated or upgraded security system hich is a major technology flaw was the major contributor to network invasion of the Sunnylake hospital network. The result of these mistakes resulted in Sunnylake hospital on the verge of losing millions in lawsuits, losing the reputation it had built up over the years of service to the community and most importantly a large number of human lives were at stake. Keeping in mind the repercussions of their mistakes, which were quite serious in nature the most immediate solution that I feel would be appropriate would be to pay the ransom amount to hackers thus securing the safety of the affected patients.Having done this we can look at the future course of actions which should include stringent security/access policies, stronger network administration and safety and last but not the least educating the staffs of the network safety measures that needs to be taken care of while using or accessing the organisations network. While we are discussing about all these prominent problem statements, Paul Layman CEO of Sunnylake also has to deal with another long term effect of the fiasco. He had implemented a system for which he had received resistance from many quarters.However with the passage of time as the EMR’s proved to be efficient, these resistances subsided. Now that the EMR’s failed after 3 years of efficient work, the people who had opposed the very implementation of technology including the chief of staff George Knudsen would have a free say to justify their resistance at the first place. And Paul has to see to it that the crisis is solved immediately as he is at a risk of not being able to convince the staff to trust the system or more importantly trust him. Recommendations:In reference to the analysis of the problem above, the following solutions in order of priority along with recommendations are mentioned below. First and for emost Paul Newman will have to pay the ransom to the hackers in order to secure the lives of the affected patients as well as get back access to their network. However he should not overlook the adversities that may crop up later and I would recommend engagement of professionals with expertise in dealing with such situations including law enforcement agencies.Once access to the network is gained, the organisations IT team should immediately put into place network safety policies. For this I would recommend that the IT team implement stricter security policies, access should be limited for the users as per the roles delivered, commonly known dangerous websites be blocked, training the staff on the security measures and finally up gradation of their systems to be able to avert such instances in future.

Easton Baseball Bats vs. Demarini Baseball Bats

Ever since the invention of the metal bat, creators have been perfecting the specific ingredients to it in order to create the best performance possible for an athlete. Over the past decade, two particular brands of baseball bats have revolutionized the way that players hit the baseball and perform at high levels. The common brands for baseball players are the Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats. Not only are both baseball bats reliable, they also perform at the highest level to create exemplary satisfaction. But an argument remains for both bats; which is the most reliable, which bat is the most effective on the field, and which bat do the players prefer the most? The elements of these particular brands are corresponding in a way to create an exceptional evaluation, but based on overall performance and player nostalgia the Easton bat has the upper hand. The Demarini brand of bats was established with the common goal in mind of revolutionizing the feel of the ball off the bat, and ultimately increasing the velocity of the ball off the bat. As a result, the manufacturer conjured the idea of â€Å"composite† metal, which is a softer and more flexible metal then the normal aluminum used in bats from the past. The baseball would basically bounce off this new type of bat with higher velocity. The composite idea took off, and soon players all over the world loved the feel of this now material as it struck a baseball. Climactically, the new Demarini bat was a better performer on the baseball field than its counterparts; with the exception of the Easton brand. As a result to the evolutional upgrade to the Demarini baseball bat, Easton turned the competition up a notch with the creation of stronger, more reliable bats that lasted a player several years of pertinent performance. Demarini bats were known to crack and lose â€Å"pop† over time, even with the risk of completely breaking! Easton bats were now tougher and more durable than the competitors, specifically Demarini. They also created the perfect balance on the baseball bat. Some bats feel â€Å"top heavy† (more weight is on the end of the bat causing an uneven swing), but Easton perfected balance creating more weight towards the handle. With the upgrades established by Easton, they were now on top of the baseball performance mountain, and no one has touched them to this day. Players across the nation and world have enjoyed the Easton bat’s performance on the field. Organizations have committed specifically to reviewing and studying the performance of baseball bats. According to baseballbat-reviews. com: Easton has produced top-of-the-line sporting equipment and for years has been one of America’s first choices, especially when it comes to aluminum baseball bats. There is no doubt [sic] all of Easton baseball bats will get the job done. Players have also personally shown their appreciation of the Easton baseball bat and how it has improved their performance on the field. John Stalton in Littleton, CO stated to Easton’s personal website, â€Å"†¦this is the best bat I have ever used over the course of 3 years; I will never buy a different brand of bat. † Player nostalgia is the most important argument to proving the level of performance a baseball bat brings to the table, and Easton went above-and-beyond in customer satisfaction. Demarini had many player disapprovals regarding reliability and, sometimes, performance. John Stalton said, â€Å"I have tried to use a Demarini, but it created too many problems. After 2 weeks, there was a rattling in the bat when I swung it. † Performance and reliability are the two major components to how bats are evaluated by players in modern day baseball. The Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats have been widely praised for their performance on the field, but no other brand can compare to Easton’s reliability to the players. Players have voiced their opinions regarding the performance and reliability of these particular brands, and a result; the Easton baseball bat has been considered the best metal bat in baseball today.

Literary analysis of “Huckleberry Finn” and “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”

Many writers have used their talents to influence the way a generation thinks, but few writers have had the same remarkable influence as Mark Twain. Ernest Hemingway coined, â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry is the novel from which all modern American literature comes from. † Even today, Twain Is mostly acclaimed for his masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The book draws on Twain's memories of his boyhood in Hannibal, Mo. , the knowledge of the Mississippi River that he had gained as a pilot, and his 20 years of experience in creating fictional character and adventure (Covici 1). Twain rushes Huck into encounters that allow the reader to portray pre–Civil War life along the Mississippi as well as to present the moral complexities of a boy's growing up outside of society’s reach on the Mississippi River (Covici 1). In his books, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain provides insight into the pre-civil war time through his clear depictions of southern society’s ignorant and discriminatory notions. Although at first the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was roundly denounced as inappropriate for readers, it is considered to be one of the most important works of literature in American history through its condemnation of society. Mark Twain accurately portrays a hypocritical American society by highlighting its rigid ideals regarding civility as well as its ignorant perspective regarding morality shown through immoral use of slavery, institution of religion, and characters. One way in which Twain accurately portrays the pre-civil war South is through his criticism of society’s immoral use of slavery. During the pre-civil war time, slavery had become a prominent aspect of southern life, where slaves were expected to unquestioningly obey their masters or else there would have been consequences such as physical beatings and whippings to face. Thus slavery had become a way of life for Southern African Americans. With the booming cotton industry, the South gradually became dependent on the use of slavery. Slavery provided significantly cheap labor to help produce cotton. Gradually slavery became a socially acceptable practice. Moreover, in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn, the protagonist, finds nothing immorally wrong about slavery since slavery was a part of everyday life in the South. This reflects on southern societies ignorant and hypocritical views by slavery were widely accepted, despite being an act of injustice and servitude (Grant 3). Often in satire, writers will use the internal conflict of a character to symbolically criticize the values and morality of society. Likewise, Twain reflects on society’s hypocrisy through Huck’s inner conflict (Cox 6). Huck, though liberates Jim, never accepts it as a moral deed but rather a sin due to the mindset during that time. Huck liberating Jim is rather seen as an act of rebellion against society and its defined set of laws defining one as ‘civilized’ (Grant 4). To further explain, Huck is conflicted whether to free Jim or sends him back to Miss Watson, his rightful owner (Grant 3). To further expand on this, Huck quotes in Huckleberry Finn, â€Å"Well I can’t tell you it made me all trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I began to get it through my head that he was most free – and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I couldn’t get it out of my conscience, no how nor no way. †(Twain 84) This exemplifies Huck’s guilt as he feels he committed a misdemeanor aiding Jim in his crime; escaping slavery. Huck here feels an obligation to the white society of which he is a member of, thus explaining as to why he feels as if he is robbing Jim from Miss Watson (Pullen 2). Overall, Twain here makes a strong statement, through Huck, about the way people regard slavery as anything but immoral and ruthless, portraying the hypocrisy of society’s ideas regarding civility, as a civil person would never consider of keeping a human being chained to such inhumane treatment or practicing slavery as acceptable. Other than Huck, the Dauphin and Duke, two con artists, are shown to provide the final demoralizing generalization as they question who stole their money, during the WIlk incident. The Wilks incident was when the Duke and Dauphin plan to rob three girls of their money that they inherited after the recent death of their father. The Duke and Dauphin pretend to be the girls’ uncles from England while playing with the girls’ emotions just to gain their inheritance however when both are ready to escape with all the girls’ inheritance, the money goes missing. Consequently, the first suspect is Jim. Furthermore, the Duke states, ‘Do you reckon a nigger can run across money and nor borrow some of it. †(Twain 175). The Duke is declaring outright that blacks are thieves explaining why he first suspects Jim as the thief, despite Jim’s good hearted nature (Taylor 6). The irony of the duke and dauphin, who are a part of this white society, are frauds themselves yet they’re pointing fingers at an innocent man due to his race and color symbolizes the hypocrisy of southern society. Another example of society’s hypocrisy concerning civility and stiff ideals is toward the end of the novel, where Tom was wounded by a bullet and Jim declares that if the situation were reversed, Tom would presumably return to society and get a doctor to aid Jim. This causes Huck to think â€Å"he (Jim) was white inside, and I reckoned he'd say what he did say- so it was alright now, and I told Tom I was a-going for a doctor† (Twain 263). This demonstrations how Huck has still not escaped the pervading influence of beliefs that people who are â€Å"white inside† are actually those who care and respect each other, while slaves aren’t. Huck symbolizes the rational held against blacks in white southern people’s minds. The rational that white people were more humane and pure than blacks. Twain makes a point through irony to exhibit that though white people considered themselves more humane they still practiced slavery, an immoral act. In conclusion, Twain represents a hypocritical southern society where white people weren’t as civilized as they thought they were. Furthermore, Twain criticizes the hypocritical Southern society regarding morality through the institution of religion. During the 1800s, slavery was seen as an acceptable act not only in the eyes of society but also religion (Taylor 3). Religion was a major influence during the pre-civil war era defining morality and what was acceptable during that time. During slavery in America, this superficial Christian code labeled blacks as the epitome of incivility, thus justifying their mistreatment† (Taylor 5). This further explains how many people would justify slavery through religion, which considered as a pure holy belief that promotes justice, thus portraying the hypocrisy of society. For example, Twain denounces religion through Huck, as Huck is shown to ridicule the Christian faith of Miss Watson and Widow Douglas. To explain this further, Huck states, â€Å"I said to myself, if a body can get anything they pray for why don’t Deacon Winn get back the money he lost on pork? Why can’t the widow get back her silver snuff box that was stole? Why can’t Miss Watson fat-up† (Twain 10). Through Twain’s satirical humor he challenges the behaviors and tenants of Christianity by Huck’s begging the question â€Å"if there is that much power in praying, then why didn’t what we wished for come true? † (Twain 33). Twain once again criticizes the fact that that praying isn’t going to help you get something, because society during the pre-civil war time strongly believed in religion initiating society to be more spiritual rather than practical. Mark Twain creates characters like Miss Watson and Widow Douglas who, although are morally correct and religious, believe that slavery is necessary for life. Miss Watson, who helps raise Huck in the beginning of the novel, is someone who isn’t bothered the least of keeping slaves. While growing up with the slave trade, she became accustomed to the use of slavery; finding nothing immorally wrong with it. However the fact that she cannot perceive right from wrong, such as keeping and selling slaves, contributes to her uncivilized behavior like many other characters, thus representing an entire society. An example is after Jim escapes from Miss Watson’s home, as he overhears her planning to sell him for eight hundred dollars, thus he sets out on his journey to freedom with Huck he states, â€Å"pecks on me all de time, en treats me pooty rough† (Twain 38). This displays how though Miss Watson is always trying to civilize Huck and set him on the right path to a religious civilized lifestyle, yet treats Jim very poorly. In essence, Miss Watson demonstrates society’s hypocrisy regarding morality once again, as she treats one human being, (Huck), with care and other human being (Jim) with little to no regard as if property. Not to mention In the Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Twain uses humor to denounce Sunday school, an institution of religion, for making children memorize Bible verses for a measly Bible as a reward. To further expand, Tom states, â€Å"How many of my readers would have the industry and the applications to memorize two thousand verses even for a Dore Bible? And a boy of German parentage had won four or five (Bibles). He once recited three thousand verses without stopping; but the strain upon his mental faculties was too great. Furthermore, Tom relates the story of a German boy who â€Å"had once recited three thousand verses without stopping† and afterward suffered a nervous breakdown (Twain 56). In calling the boy’s collapse â€Å"a grievous misfortune for the school† as the school relied on the student to perform for guests to increase the reputation of the school, Twain implies that the students are memorizing verses not for real spiritual growth but for the sake o f making their teachers and superintendent look good. Additionally, Twain criticizes the institution of religion, by condemning religious ideals through his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by juxtaposing Huck’s moral development outside of church (Taylor 2). Though Huck still recognizes all the deeds he has committed during the novel, for instance liberating Jim, a sin, he is still shown to be courageous, virtuous, and gain the ability to forgive in contrast to the upbringing by Widow Douglas and Miss Watson’s through societal conformity and stiff ideals regarding morality. The institution of religion was the basis for morality in everyday life in the pre-civil war time, yet it makes the reader question the moral judgment of people during that time. Twain’s critique on the institution of religion analyzes the failure of religion to demonstrate to the morals they teach, indirectly criticizing southern society for their hypocritical views regarding morality. Moreover, Mark Twain also represents society’s hypocritical views regarding civility during pre-civil war time through other characters that Huck and Jim meet along their journey on the Mississippi River. As Huck and a runaway slave, Jim, rowed their raft along the Mississippi River, into the heartland of slavery in North America, Twain was enabled to achieve a realistic portrait of American life in the 19th century (Mark Twain 2). Along their journey on the raft, Huck and Jim met many people which symbolized society’s so called sophisticated civilization as anything but courteous. The first people they meet are the Grangerfords, a humble family at first but soon are revealed to be aggressive and immature. In this case, Huck states, â€Å"Human beings can be awful cruel to one another† (Twain 206). Huck states this during the Grangerford and Shepherdson huge fight, reflecting on how human beings could be so awful to one another over such petty issues. (Dendinger 8) To expand, Huck observes a lack of social grace in people like the Grangerfords who are born into high class families and live a perfect conservative blissful life, yet seem so immature. Their immaturity is seen when The Grangerfords have an on-going family feud with their neighbors the Sheperdsons, despite both sides not knowing how the feud started. When one of the Grangerfords’ daughters elopes with one of the Shepherdson’s sons, the end result is a violent shootout between both families. Huck joins two Grangerford boys during one of the shootouts and â€Å"the (Sheperdson) men run along the bank shooting at them and singing out ‘Kill them, kill them! ‘† (Twain 103). The Shepherdson’s are too consumed by their anger that they are unable to see what they have become. Both families use violence to resolve a matter which could have been also resolved legally rather than such chaos. Society’s way to take matters in their own hands while using violence as an answer depicts southern society’s cruelty and ruthlessness. To expand on all this, Twain demonstrates a society that pursues violence to resolve issues while filled with greed and corruption, all the qualities a civilized society lacks. Twain effectively illustrates society’s hypocritical views regarding civility through the trip along the Mississippi River as it symbolizes the inherent greed present in society. The most prominent part of their trip along the Mississippi River was listening to Sherburn’s speech, , in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, that took place after Colonel Sherburn displays cold blooded and ruthless characteristics as he shoots a drunk man for no apparent reason. Colonel Sherburn starts when a mob comes to lynch him, â€Å"The idea of lynching anybody! It’s amusing. The idea of you thinking you had pluck enough to lynch a man! Because you’re brave enough to tar and feather poor friendless cast-out women that come along here, did that make you think you had grit enough to lay your hands on a man? Why, a man’s safe in the hands of ten thousands of your kind- as long as it’s daytime and you’re not behind him. † In this case, Twain suggests that true courage is to do the right thing, but most men will not stand up for the right thing. In fact, â€Å"Southern justice† as Twain points out, is often committed by a gathering of cowards who hide their faces and become judge, jury and executioner. Sherburn can stand up to the multitude because no one in the crowd has the courage to defy him. Courage is standing in the face of evil and defeating it, but Sherburn points out that no one is willing to do that. If you expand the idea, Twain is indirectly referring to slavery and the treatment of blacks. . He is suggesting that Huck's actions, although slow in evolving, suggest that courage can be found if we are willing to defy social norms or great crowds and do what our conscience tells us is right. That is why when Huck stands up to the program that society has laid out for the treatment of slaves, and says that he would â€Å"go to hell† rather than see Jim returned to slavery, it is in keeping of the colonel's definition of courage (Dendinger 8). In essence, sherburn’s speech condemns society of its hypocrisy of being something it’s not, not to mention also portraying a society following rigid ideals, such as societal conformity and bondage that keeps them from moving forward. Overall, the journey along the Mississippi River symbolized a southern society that lacked the qualities of a civilized society while exploring the hypocritical views society pertains about civility. Blinded by their ignorant view of â€Å"civilized† society, the people seen throughout Huck and Jim’s journey, are unable to settle disputes without violence, incapable to depict right from wrong yet create rules and laws defying logic, and practice slavery and degrading a race with religion back then giving way; verifying that their â€Å"sophisticated† society is more of an illusion than a reality. Twain demonstrates an accurate portrayal of southern society during the pre-civil war time by the racial oppression that was present during that time. Blacks were degraded constantly while denied of freedom and liberty, defining southern society’s rigid ideals and hypocritical view of morality. Along with racial oppression was present was the basis of institution of religion that also demonstrated the hypocritical view of morality. (Valkeakari 2) In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Mississippi River symbolized the hypocritical view society retained regarding civility. From hypocritical view on civility to racial oppression, all helped to accurately depict the pre-civil war era. , Twain brings out a message from the outsets of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer, condemning society of its hypocritical deed of being this so called sophisticated morally correct society. Twain attacks the mindless acceptance of values that he believed kept the South in its dark ages during the pre-civil war era, in result restricting the South to move forward and advance towards success (Grant 4).

Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action Essay

Affirmative action Introduction                   Affirmative action is a policy that is aimed at providing positive measures to remedy effects of past discrimination against members of certain groups (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.2). One of the areas that suffer underrepresentation of the diverse, underrepresented individuals and minority group in colleges is the laws schools and subsequently in the legal profession. The questioned posed is â€Å"Is affirmative action the best solution to alleviating this crisis or is it the major cause together with other practices that have contributed to these underrepresentation?                   First of all is the admission procedure. Admission selection considers those with a bachelor’s degree for an accredited university or college. Few underrepresented minority students are able to attend college and obtain the relevant qualifications. Moreover, there are disparities in number of applicants and the number who get enrolled. For example in 2000, 74500 individuals submitted their application to ABA- approved school and an estimate of 67% of the total were admitted (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 4). This illustrates a flaw in the acceptance procedure that focus on higher merit in which its well document trend that underrepresented minorities score less on the Law Schools Admission Test (LSAT).                   Secondly the individual state bar exams are a severe impediment. â€Å"While the LSAT remains a reliable predictor of success in law school and the Law School Admission Council (makers of the LSAT), warn against over-reliance on numerical qualifiers alone† (ABA/ LSAC Pre-Conference Report, 2005, p, 5). Raised cut off points detriment the minorities who are disproportionately at the bottom in addition the bars are also misapplied. The percentage of residents in a state should have a proportionate percentage at the law school. The lack of a national bar does also contribute to this issue.                   The above two examples illustrate why affirmative action is needed in leveling admissions. Higher merit and higher cut off points are serving to lock out minority groups from accessing law education. In coming up with a criteria for selection, the selection board should put into consideration performance of minority groups which is at the lower end of the spectrum.                   Terry Eastland suggests that affirmative action promotes discrimination. He argues that there is nothing like positive or negative discrimination. In Higher education for example, when the institution sets a lower grade for color students, the act in itself creates discrimination. These groups of students who will be enrolled under affirmative action are well aware that they are in that position due to their race. It is a negative experience that is not easy to erase. Sometimes attitudes from the majority students will affect the students from the minority. The majority students may not look at the minority as equals.                   Affirmative action leads to stigma. Eastland says that very few people are aware of the abilities and potential of the marginalized groups. In this case they are likely to be less respected and less valued. This can end up psychologically affecting these groups and it can be worsened if they fail to perform. Terry end believes that an environment should an equal working basis. If students have to be enrolled for higher education, it should be based on merit and not race. This will create an equal working environment of mutual relationship.                   Furthermore, Eastland equates ‘Affirmative action’ to ‘lower standards’. The rationale of having a policy that sets asides positions after a normal criterion creates a barrier between quality and less quality. By having this policy, institutions are accepting that results posted from minority groups are of lesser quality and lesser magnitude to that from the majority. Policy makers argue that the minority are affected by certain factors that make them not to equal results of the majority. It then beats logic that it would be easier resolving factors that make minority perform lesser than providing a criterion that guarantee certain results.                   Terry Eastland comments and views in regard to affirmative action tend to disapprove use of affirmative action against underrepresentation based on color. His views do not factor underrepresentation due to gender. However the logic behind his reasons and those of other scholars can equally be equated to affirmative action on gender and sex segregation                   Gender affirmative actions have shown to improve the status of women in the society. In fact advocates for gender affirmative actions have sprung from various women activists and organizations. Women have gained access to representations in legislative organs, various courses in colleges that stereotypically were set for men. However it is urged that continuous paying attention to a group of people will result in then differences becoming more salient than the commonalities among people (Clayton & Crosby 1992, p.11). This statement thus emphasizes Terry Eastland’s arguments against affirmative action.                   To conclude, the benefits of affirmative action are actually visible. Moving forward however, the fundamental principles of affirmative action seem to have been overtaken with time. Putting into consideration Terry Eastland arguments in regard to affirmative action, the negatives of affirmative action outweigh the positives. Affirmative action has led to lower productivity, increased segregation and stigmatization. The call to end affirmative actions thus is justified. References Clayton, Susan D, and Faye J. Crosby. Justice, Gender, and Affirmative Action. Ann Arbor, Mich: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1992. Print. Law Schools Admission Council. Pre Conference Report (2005) Collaborating to Expand the Pipeline. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/op/pipelineconf/PipelinePostReport.authcheckdam.pdf Source document

British Airways

Also it is member of International Airlines Group. Nowadays British Airways is using strategy of Marketing Mix including 4p’s. First of all, what is it Marketing Mix of 4 p’s? â€Å"Marketing Mix† is said for different performances which companies have to choose to bring a product or service to market. Marketing Mix 4 p’s: * Product: characteristics and features * Price: pricing strategies * Place: location, distribution channels * Promotion: advertising, promoting to the customers Going into more deep and applying this theory to such company as British Airways I can say that Product strategy is the main strategy of Marketing Mix (4 P’S). Without Product strategy there is no Place, Price and Promotion. Speaking about BA it is transporting industry its product is not physical and cannot be touched. British Airways product strategy includes flight  services, quality of flights, various destinations across Europe and  the world, executive class, business class, speed, security, support  facilities and years of experience. Nowadays, the main aircrafts which BA uses to transport people are Airbus A318-100, Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-200, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 737–400, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777–200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787–8, Boeing 787–9. Most of the airplanes which are 77% use either Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines. Another 23% is divided between General Electric  and the  CFM International  consortium. To the year 2012 BA operates over 400 aircraft, carries over 62  million passengers annually, and serves more than 200 destinations. British Airways is not only Airline Company it also has its own  engineering branch  to exploit its aircraft fleet, this includes line maintenance at over 70 airports around the world. One more vital option of 4 p’s is Place. The main â€Å"place† were customers can consume services of British Airways is situated in Waterside, close to its main airport at London Heathrow Airport. However BA is international company and you can also find it in main airports all over the world. Also there are two important service centers in Glasgow  and  Cardiff Airports. Turning to the third option which is Price the organization should set the price relative with the value delivered and perceived by the  customer. British Airways has set its services in the way that customers can chose how much they want to pay for this service. Comparing with other Airline Companies BA poses four types of services economy class, premium economy class, business class, premium business class. The difference is in quality of â€Å"product which are you consuming† and the price. So price of the tickets are varied from ? 00 to ? 400. Main success of the company depends on its promotion. People in the promotional team of British Airways know their. First slogan â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† was established in 1989 with the song of â€Å"The Flower Duet† by  Leo Delibes. After this there were a lot of changes like â€Å"Upgrade to British Airways†, â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline†, â€Å"The World’s B est Airline†, â€Å"We’ll Take More Care Of You†, and â€Å"Fly the Flag†. One of the latest tricks was â€Å"Christmas gift voucher† which is promotional prices. This works during the Christmas holidays and offers lowest prices for their customers. For example flying to 14 travel zones from ? 59 return on UK and Europe destinations and  from ? 269 return on the rest of the world In the end I would like to say that British Airlines is one of the biggest companies in this area and one of the best companies. For a long time it provides its clients with high level services and security which is the most important things in this business. Meanwhile, price is responsible to the quality. Service is easily available and well promoted. British Airways There was a one-sided decision taken to introduce swipe cards. It was unplanned because it was introduced at the start of the summer quarter when they had it has one of its busiest quarters. From the perspective of sense making, management needs to be aware of the key elements that are important to the situation. In BA the management did not form an awareness of key element; they did not realize that the move was being interpreted to manipulate their working patterns. The management did not understand the importance of not introducing an unpopular system before the peak season. Finally, this was not a decision made by examining different alternatives and evaluating them properly. This was an ad hoc decision taken by the management without considering its consequences. From the point of view of change management, there strength of organizational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and possibility of immediate, tactical action must be stronger than the resistance within the organization. The employees did not want the change, they felt that the swipe system would be used to manipulate their working patterns and shift hours. From the perspective of contingency, the management is supposed to identify what can go wrong in the given situation. The BA management had not planned for the event that the imposition of the swipe card would lead to refusal by workers of the swipe card resulting in a strike. From the point of view of process, it is necessary for the management to methodologically study the process of employee decision making, employee concerns about swipe cards and reason for rising absenteeism. The management did not study the mood of the employees, the effect of lack of consultation, poor pay rates and dissatisfaction with the management. From the perspective of organizational development, I would make sure the event is more planned and communicate to the employees so that they are taken into consideration with the decision. From the perspective of sense making I would make the management understand the key elements. Then I would make management come up with alternatives before making a decision. From the perspective of change management, I will recommend that BA management should first set a vision for the organization, then it must assess the dissatisfaction with the current system, next it must suggest tactical action that is acceptable to the employees and then suggest action. From the perspective of contingency, I would recommend that the BA officials should assess all the contingencies that are possible because of the change and should develop risk reduction strategies. From the perspective of process, I would recommend that the BA management should methodically study the process of employee decision making and evaluate the manner in which the management action will affect the process of decision making of BA management. References Palmer, I, . Dunford, R. , Akin, G. , (2009) Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach (2ed. ) New York: McGraw Hill. British Airways British Airways British Airways Also it is member of International Airlines Group. Nowadays British Airways is using strategy of Marketing Mix including 4p’s. First of all, what is it Marketing Mix of 4 p’s? â€Å"Marketing Mix† is said for different performances which companies have to choose to bring a product or service to market. Marketing Mix 4 p’s: * Product: characteristics and features * Price: pricing strategies * Place: location, distribution channels * Promotion: advertising, promoting to the customers Going into more deep and applying this theory to such company as British Airways I can say that Product strategy is the main strategy of Marketing Mix (4 P’S). Without Product strategy there is no Place, Price and Promotion. Speaking about BA it is transporting industry its product is not physical and cannot be touched. British Airways product strategy includes flight  services, quality of flights, various destinations across Europe and  the world, executive class, business class, speed, security, support  facilities and years of experience. Nowadays, the main aircrafts which BA uses to transport people are Airbus A318-100, Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-200, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 737–400, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777–200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787–8, Boeing 787–9. Most of the airplanes which are 77% use either Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines. Another 23% is divided between General Electric  and the  CFM International  consortium. To the year 2012 BA operates over 400 aircraft, carries over 62  million passengers annually, and serves more than 200 destinations. British Airways is not only Airline Company it also has its own  engineering branch  to exploit its aircraft fleet, this includes line maintenance at over 70 airports around the world. One more vital option of 4 p’s is Place. The main â€Å"place† were customers can consume services of British Airways is situated in Waterside, close to its main airport at London Heathrow Airport. However BA is international company and you can also find it in main airports all over the world. Also there are two important service centers in Glasgow  and  Cardiff Airports. Turning to the third option which is Price the organization should set the price relative with the value delivered and perceived by the  customer. British Airways has set its services in the way that customers can chose how much they want to pay for this service. Comparing with other Airline Companies BA poses four types of services economy class, premium economy class, business class, premium business class. The difference is in quality of â€Å"product which are you consuming† and the price. So price of the tickets are varied from ? 00 to ? 400. Main success of the company depends on its promotion. People in the promotional team of British Airways know their. First slogan â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† was established in 1989 with the song of â€Å"The Flower Duet† by  Leo Delibes. After this there were a lot of changes like â€Å"Upgrade to British Airways†, â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline†, â€Å"The World’s B est Airline†, â€Å"We’ll Take More Care Of You†, and â€Å"Fly the Flag†. One of the latest tricks was â€Å"Christmas gift voucher† which is promotional prices. This works during the Christmas holidays and offers lowest prices for their customers. For example flying to 14 travel zones from ? 59 return on UK and Europe destinations and  from ? 269 return on the rest of the world In the end I would like to say that British Airlines is one of the biggest companies in this area and one of the best companies. For a long time it provides its clients with high level services and security which is the most important things in this business. Meanwhile, price is responsible to the quality. Service is easily available and well promoted. British Airways There was a one-sided decision taken to introduce swipe cards. It was unplanned because it was introduced at the start of the summer quarter when they had it has one of its busiest quarters. From the perspective of sense making, management needs to be aware of the key elements that are important to the situation. In BA the management did not form an awareness of key element; they did not realize that the move was being interpreted to manipulate their working patterns. The management did not understand the importance of not introducing an unpopular system before the peak season. Finally, this was not a decision made by examining different alternatives and evaluating them properly. This was an ad hoc decision taken by the management without considering its consequences. From the point of view of change management, there strength of organizational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and possibility of immediate, tactical action must be stronger than the resistance within the organization. The employees did not want the change, they felt that the swipe system would be used to manipulate their working patterns and shift hours. From the perspective of contingency, the management is supposed to identify what can go wrong in the given situation. The BA management had not planned for the event that the imposition of the swipe card would lead to refusal by workers of the swipe card resulting in a strike. From the point of view of process, it is necessary for the management to methodologically study the process of employee decision making, employee concerns about swipe cards and reason for rising absenteeism. The management did not study the mood of the employees, the effect of lack of consultation, poor pay rates and dissatisfaction with the management. From the perspective of organizational development, I would make sure the event is more planned and communicate to the employees so that they are taken into consideration with the decision. From the perspective of sense making I would make the management understand the key elements. Then I would make management come up with alternatives before making a decision. From the perspective of change management, I will recommend that BA management should first set a vision for the organization, then it must assess the dissatisfaction with the current system, next it must suggest tactical action that is acceptable to the employees and then suggest action. From the perspective of contingency, I would recommend that the BA officials should assess all the contingencies that are possible because of the change and should develop risk reduction strategies. From the perspective of process, I would recommend that the BA management should methodically study the process of employee decision making and evaluate the manner in which the management action will affect the process of decision making of BA management. References Palmer, I, . Dunford, R. , Akin, G. , (2009) Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach (2ed. ) New York: McGraw Hill.